The thorough evaluation of a rubber mixture indicated important improvements through the addition of PPG, hydroxypropyl starch, and zinc oxide. Initially, challenges concerning fabrication plus physical properties were addressed by fine-tuning each ingredient level. Notably, polyol served as the flexibilizer, enhancing low-temperature flexibility a

The thorough evaluation of a rubber formulation indicated significant enhancements through strategic inclusion of polyol, starch ether, and zinc oxide. At first, difficulties concerning manufacturing plus physical properties were addressed by adjusting the ingredient level. In particular, polyol served as the flexibilizer, increasing low-temperatur